1. John L. Hennessy and David Patterson, Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc, Second Edition, 1995. Pages A3-A10.
2. Weste and Eshraghian, Principles of CMOS VLSI Design, Addison-Wesley, Second Edition, 1994.
3. Elec 422 Course Lectures and Handouts, Joseph Cavallaro.